Tuesday, 3 March 2015

12 Years a Slave and Selma: A Pictorial Comparison




Why was 12 Years a Slave more successful with the mainstream than Selma?
12 Years a Slave
Selma
12 Years a Slave
Selma
12 Years a Slave
Selma
12 Years a Slave
Selma
12 Years a Slave
Selma
Weakness                                                                                                               Leadership
White Humanity                                                                                                   As Equals
Isolation                                                                                                                Power
Fields                                                                                                                     The Bridge
Lined-Up                                                                                                                Lining-Up


And for the record, I believe 12 Years a Slave is the better film...

Wednesday, 11 February 2015

Frank V. Ross - What's the Point of Cinema?




FRANK V. ROSS - 











"I was watching a film called Blue is the Warmest Color and had to know what it was shot on, so during this movie in a language I did not speak in admiration of the photography I looked away from the image and the subtitles to my little phone and went to the IMDB app, typed in the name of the movie and scrolled down to ‘tech specs’, found ‘Canon EOS C300, with Angenieux Optimo Lenses, copy and pasted that, put it in my ‘notes’ app… You get it. 

I looked up having missed the last whatever of the movie, took the remote, backed it up to where I think I was, since the movie was paused got up and make some tea, cut some cheddar cheese, a few pepperoncinis… If I saw someone watching my movie like that I’d have a conniption fit (cause I know they do and every programmer or critic with a screener that doesn’t like my film, or can go either way on it, I wonder if they properly watched the movie. And, they didn’t) cause a motion picture is an involved experience. Think if you’re watching Harold and Maude and you’re looking at the phone and miss the two second cutaway to Maude’s tattoo. Or Dutch and miss the ‘Dutch Dooley Construction sign’. What about the shot of the cook in Hunt for Red October. Adrain’s hat. The glare of the rich boy to Bruno. 
The Cinema is the room that saves us from ourselves. Not to be my final point but a Cinema is why Cinema will always be better than TV, we’re too distracted at home and nobody is asked to live tweet during the new Woody Allen movie, he’s doing TV for that.
With so many ways to distribute a movie nowadays, we need to keep the big screen and lock the door to our distractions and shut the fuck up for a minute and watch a movie. A funny movie, a plot driven heist or murder mystery always functions better if you’re, you know, watching. You can’t fall into a rhythm using a pause button. How are we to let an existential crisis wash over us if we keep looking out the window and at our phone? We can’t. The point of a Cinema is the building. Like a Church, which is a building, the people are the Church, they go to a Church Building and do all their bullshit. I’ve learned as much about life from Tarkovsky as I have from Priests. More about morality from DeSica than the King James Bible…
Whoa!
Let’s dial it back. The Cineplex near my house puts it best “our world seems over run with technology. A movie theatre is not the place for it. LOL and BFF on a bright screen is distracting, so be courteous to those around you and silence or turn off your phones. If you have an emergency step out into the hallway, otherwise it can wait.”  It’s just a nice place to be."
Filmography  (as director) -
Oh! My Dear Desire - 2003
Quietly On By - 2005
Hohokam - 2007
Present Company - 2008
Audrey the Trainwreck - 2010
Tiger Tail in Blue - 2012
Bloomin Mud Shuffle - 2015

Frank V. Ross is among the most exciting American independent director's post-2000s. Tiger Tail in Blue was recently nominated at the Gotham Awards for 'Best Film Not Playing in a Cinema Near You'. His films are available to watch on Fandor, here. Bloomin Mud Shuffle is due to show later this year.

Friday, 30 January 2015

50 for 2010-2014

So its halfway through the decade, and feels (mildly) appropriate to give a half summation of the decade so far. 

Its always hard to make round-ups about things that are still in the recent past, the time and distance often gives you the breathing space to look back far more clearly. However, the 2010s have shown a few themes that seem set to make a larger impact as the decade moves on. In general, comic book films have more than ever taken the foreground when it comes to the Hollywood blockbuster. What that says about as a Western society, I am not sure really. On a more lower-level, Kickstarter and crowd-funded projects seem to be moving forward, and financing a large portion of independent film-makers. These seem to have a mutual benefit, in that it keeps the director in large control of his own project, and those who have invested have some ownership. Although I am no futurologist, I am sure that by the end of the decade, a mainstream successful film will have needed to be crowd-funded if it is ever to become a vital cog in major movie making. Until then, it seems likely to remain to fund niche or small projects.

So, to this 50, what does it show? Probably not much thats not too different to others. There is an inevitable Western/American bias. Is this because of my own tastes, or because of releases in the UK? I imagine a bit of both. Again, unsurprisingly, there is a huge leaning towards white, male directors. This I am far more sure is because of the lack of opportunities given to those who aren't of that group. However, being a white male myself, there is also films I can relate to where others may not (see Boyhood). A quick count says there are only five directors that are not white, and three female (one who appears twice, another who is part of a team of directors). Theres a lot of digitally shot films, although enough on film to suggest the form is far from dead (and I doubt it ever will be so). 

So anyway, read, and disagree:

50.    The Immigrant (2013, James Gray)
An understated, human piece by James Gray that has seemingly been purposefully hidden away since its premier in Cannes. One of the most powerful final images you are likely to see in cinema this decade.

49.    An Oversimplification of Her Beauty (2012, Terrence Nance)
A kaleidoscope of colours, themes and images, Terrence Nance’s breakout feature is a unique film that is simultaneously personal and encompassing. Criminally under shown, however, did get a decent run at the BFI as part of their Afro-futurism season.

48.    Cloud Atlas (2012, Tom Tywker, Andy Wachowski, Lana Wachowski)
Cloud Atlas may be slightly overblown at times, but Tywker and the Wachowski siblings take on grand themes, and prove themselves to be unafraid to aim high and fail. Other directors often withdraw with huge budgets ($100mil plus), but instead we see risks taken. Something that is far too regularly missing in high budget films.

47.    Computer Chess (2013, Andrew Bujalski)
For someone who was at the beginning of the main independent American film movement of the 2000s, Bujalski has shown himself to be one of the most willing to move into something altogether different. Computer Chess is something that is altogether different, weird and unique. Bujalski takes something that could have been incredibly mundane, and makes it gripping visually and thematically. As well as leaving as at the end questioning everything that came previously. Bujalski has proven himself to be one of the great independent voices.

46.    Mommy (2014, Xavier Dolan)
I’ve never really understood the hate for Dolan beyond the fact he is extremely self-assured in his film-making style. Criticism of style over substance seemed to have been answered however with his most recent feature. Dolan uses his self imposed visual limitations to full affect, and supports it with an honest and powerfully acted story.

45.    Submarine (2010, Richard Ayoade)
Ayoade’s debut feature seemingly came out of nowhere, and became an early addition to the feeling that British cinema was starting to lean east towards Europe, rather than America. Ayode litters his film most obviously with the French New Wave, romanticism and comedy, while pulling in the Britishness of the whole thing by placing it in Swansea. A bold debut.

44.    Once Upon a Time in Anatolia (2011, Nuri Blige Ceylen)
Ceylan shows in Once Upon a Time in Anatolia that digital film-making has the potential to create images as powerful and haunting as anything shot on film. Although perhaps not his strongest film, Ceylan still is more often than not, head and shoulders above any other European director.

43.    Wuthering Heights (2011, Andrea Arnold)
Andrea Arnold shows what it is to truly adapt a well known book, and make it personal and unique to themselves. This Wuthering Heights could only ever belong to Arnold, who strips down the dialogue to its bare bones, and uses the photography of Robbie Ryan (one of the stand-out cinematographers so far this decade) to create a haunting, powerful collage of images and sounds.

42.    Moonrise Kingdom (2012, Wes Anderson)
Wes Anderson’s films are easy to hate, ‘twee’ being an obvious synonym for his work. But what Anderson does, that other similar directors lack, is the ability to make films that can connect with its viewers on a basic level. Moonrise Kingdom, besides being funny, fantastically written and acted, is simple story of first love. Anderson knows when to pull back, where others may push forward.

41.    Spring Breakers (2012, Harmony Korine)
Selena Gomez shocked many by taking a leading role in a Korine film, and then Korine writing her character out the film from around the half-way point. Spring Breakers flickers back and forth between extreme and melancholic images and themes. Neon colours have rarely looked so good.

40.    The Social Network (2010, David Fincher)
The Social Network was called a defining film of the 21st century, encompassing all that is bad with the century till that point. Although slightly hyperbole, Fincher does demonstrate his uncanny ability to piece minute details together to create a collage of ideas that forms a grand piece. 

39.    Cold Weather (2011, Aaron Katz)
Aaron Katz is clearly fantastically skilled at capturing powerful and beautiful images, but with Cold Weather, Katz took the first steps of any director in the Mumblecore movement to make a genre piece, a Sherlock Holmes-esq mystery film set in the real world.

38.    Les Miserables (2012, Tom Hooper)
Les Miserables is manic, crazy, over-the-top and slightly insane, but incredibly gripping. Hooper’s stylistic choices, specifically in The Kings Speech were jarring and often ugly, however in Les Miserables, he found a perfect piece to match these images. We float from one character, a song, a group of people often with pace, however Hooper is unafraid to allow the camera to linger when required, most ironically in Anne Hathaway’s I Dreamed a Dream rendition.

37.    The Place Beyond The Pines (2012, Derek Cianfrance)
Ambitious to the extreme, The Place Beyond the Pines could have easily been a total mess. It straddles a fine line at times, but always pulls itself back just as things look like they could get messy.

36.    Uncle Boonmee Who Can Recall His Past Lives (2010, Apichatpong Weerasethakul)
Despite the odd foray into completely different styles (The Adventures of Iron Pussy), Weerasethakul has pretty much nailed down his own brand of cinema. Uncle Boonmee may prove to be the greatest example of all his previous work in one film, in what is perhaps the most other-worldly film on here. Sadly delays have meant there is still no feature follow-up as of yet.

35.    Sightseers (2012, Ben Wheatley)
Ben Wheatley is one of the most exciting film-makers in the UK currently. His ability to merge genres seamlessly has led to the building up of an extremely exciting filmography, one that remains firmly rooted in its Englishness. Sightseers is perhaps the most ‘English’ of the lot, taking in caravan tours of pencil museums, hen-do’s and knitting. Alongside the gore, Sightseers is one of the funniest films of the decade so far. 

34.    Silver Bullets (2011, Joe Swanberg)
Joe Swanberg is one of the most interesting, and divisive directors to come out of cinema in recent years. Quality of his work fluctuates from great to poor regularly, however in 2011, Swanberg took a decisive turn in style and themes. Silver Bullets (part of his Moon trilogy) was a huge step forward in his work.

33.    Alps (2011, Giorgos Lanthimos)
Lanthimos stormed into the scene with his bizarre Dogtooth, a film so weird that it pushed him to the forefront of the so-called ‘Greek Weird Wave’. What was even stranger however, was how his follow-up, Alps, has been quickly ignored. Bigger and bolder, Alps demonstrates that Lanthimos is not a one-hit-wonder.

32.    Drive (2011, Nicolas Winding Refn)
Drive becomes an even more interesting film when compared to Refn’s follow-up, Only God Forgives. They both look, and feel similar, but Drive proves itself full of content that can span a whole film, whereas the latter flickers in very short moments, and leaves lead actor of both films, Ryan Gosling, floundering around. Drive gets hearts racing.

31.    Gone Girl (2014, David Fincher)
Fincher proves that he can take the absurd and make it feel completely plausible. Fincher’s latest continues his love of taking modern, extreme stories and applying old-Hollywood styles alongside slick, modern directorial choices.

30.    Present Company (2010, Frank V. Ross)
With all the talk of Mumblecore in 2000s, and ‘next-Cassavetes’ talk, Frank V. Ross has independently grown into the closest there is to that statement, providing the most human and honest films to come out of American for years. Each of his films could quite easily be classed as an American independent masterpiece, but Present Company speaks to me on a personal level more than almost any other film has.

29.    Paradise: Love (2012, Ulrich Siedl)
Siedl has nailed making the pretty look ugly, and the ugly look even uglier. Love, part of his Paradise trilogy stands-out amongst the three however as it takes Kenya, and refuses to eroticise or romanticise the place. Where other directors would look for the exciting African landscape, Siedl instead focuses on the good and bad of human nature that does not stop at any boarder.

28.    The Arbor (2010, Clio Bernard)
Bernard’s verbatim documentary/re-enactment of the life of Andrea Dunbar is about as bold as anything that has come out of the UK. Her decision to film in this way enhances an already moving story.

27.    The World’s End (2013, Edger Wright)
Wright takes on the Americanisation/Globalisation of culture with a traditionally frantic and full-blooded sci-fi comedy. The finale of his Cornetto trilogy is perhaps the best of the bunch.

26.    Beasts of the Southern Wild (2012, Benh Zeitlin)
Benh Zeitlin burst onto the scene with his debut feature, and then faced an inevitable backlash as the film blew-up in even more with Cannes and the Oscars. What however remains at the heart is a powerful story told by an amazing young actress. Zeitlin remains at her level, refusing to dumb-down for her, but rather presenting a platform.

25.    The Girl With The Dragon Tattoo (2011, David Fincher)
Fincher produced another police procedural, and again showed he is a master of details. Many similarities can be made to the earlier Zodiac, and the later Gone Girl, but it is far more than just a stepping stone between the two. Fincher has proven himself to be the master of modern Hollywood. 

24.    Blue Jasmine (2013, Woody Allen)
Woody Allen returned back into the mainstream with Midnight in Paris, however its Blue Jasmine that presents his most moving and daring piece of recent years. An unflinching look at depression and broken relationships took Allen into territory he seemingly left behind.

23.    Faust (2011, Aleksandr Sokurov)
With slow and distorted images, Sokurov takes the tale of Faust into new places. Sokurov uses his images to add to an already uncomfortable and uneasy story.

22.    Upstream Color (2013, Shane Currath)
Currath appeared, and disappeared just as quickly after the release of his debut Primer. 9 years later he re-appeared seemingly out of nowhere to produce a kaleidoscope of images, sounds and thoughts. Currath makes films that look like they are filmed on a budget Christopher Nolan would get, and makes films that Nolan looks like he is striving to make. Currath shows that the possibilities are endless no matter what the budget is.

21.    Before Midnight (2013, Richard Linklater)
The completion of one of Linklater’s long-term project neatly wrapped up a story that now takes place in a world miles away from where it began. Linklater allows space for his characters, and in turn allows the audience to remember and be part of his characters. A simple idea sometimes makes the most powerful.

20.    Frances Ha (2012, Noah Baumbach)
Frances Ha made me feel something I rarely feel with films, ecstatic that the lead character had a happy, neatly wrapped up ending. Frances is such a endearing person, its impossible not to want her to succeed. Beautifully shot as well by Baumbach.

19.    The Great Beauty (2013, Paolo Sorrentino)
Harking back to the films of Fellini, The Great Beauty brings us a sexed and a money-soaked representation of Rome. Sorentino captures moments of extreme beauty and surrealism, and is held together by Toni Servillo.

18.    The Wolf of Wall Street (2013, Martin Scorsese)
Scorsese went full extreme with his drug, sex and money story of Jordan Belfort. Almost the polar opposite of his previous film, Hugo, Scorsese ramped it up and gave three hours worth of some of the funniest, shocking cinema to come out of mainstream cinema since his own heydays of the 70s.

17.    The Zone (2011, Joe Swanberg)
Swanberg has always been explicitaly self-aware with his work, facing critics head-on (sometimes literally). Swanberg however took this to a new level, as he deconstructs himself as he goes in The Zone, before finally pulling up the rug towards the end. The Zone shows Swanbergs ability adapt to new styles, even those he doesn’t necessarily wish to do.

16.    Black Swan (2010, Darren Aronofsky)
Aronofsky, another director who is seemingly easy to hate, took a rather well worn story with commonly used themes (ballet, doubles, obsession), but made it completely his own. Black Swan is consistently creepy and unsettling, an even more challenging task when using a story well-worn. Aronofsky work has often been patchy, but Black Swan is one of his highlights.

15.    Amour (2012, Michele Haneke)
Haneke can do no wrong currently. Amour is an incredibly simple story, however full of complicated ethical issues that Haneke ensures are dealt with at arm’s-length, never leading its audience. An ending that is bound to stick with you, Amour adds another film to Haneke’s oeuvre of films other directors would be lucky to make in a life-time.

14.    The Color Wheel (2011, Alex Ross Perry)
A true independent, Alex Ross Perry is the leading director to fully emerge from the 2010s. His debut, Impolex, was relatively swept under the carpet, however The Color Wheel left little doubt of his talent. Conversations that seem to have little impact suddenly come rushing back later on in The Color Wheel. Perry shows an understanding of film few other directors could.

13.    Beyond The Hills (2012, Cristian Mungiu)
Showing that the Romanian New Wave of cinema that dominated the 2000s was not completely gone, Mungiu adapts a true horror story and applies his staple sparse shots and unflinching images. What comes by the end is an exorcism story unlike many any before it. Mungiu creates a film that perfectly re-creates the feeling that it is set in another place or time.

12.    Shame (2011, Steve McQueen)
With the powerful debut, Hunger, under his belt McQueen moved on with a story of addiction and sex. McQueen applied, what has now become his go to traits of, extended scenes and a refusal to turn the camera way where others might. Shame has rather falling between the crack of his first and third film, however shows a clear progression of technique and style in his work.

11.    Boyhood (2014, Richard Linklater)
Very little has to be said about Linklater’s 12 year project. A film that seamlessly merges times and moments together to create a collage of scenes showing the growth from child to adulthood. Although not faultless (the forced Mexican character who the lovely white family helped still grates me), Linklater shows an ambition many wouldn’t other have thought possible. Many have (correctly) pointed out that just because of the long gestation of the project, the film doesn’t therefore automatically create a ‘masterpiece’, however what Linklater, and all film-makers should be encouraged to do is take cinematic risks that challenge all things from its structure, to its creation process. Boyhood does that.

10.    The Selfish Giant (2013, Clio Barnard)
Barnard proved her ability to change her style with her own powerful take on a staple British film, the social-realist take on a kids life. Barnard elevates the work with her ability to bring the best at of her two main young leads, and her willingness to stand back and allow the story to unfold. Barnard has proved herself to be one of the best British directors working currently.

9.    Listen Up Philip (2014, Alex Ross Perry)
Alex Ross Perry followed up his breathtaking The Color Wheel with an even more impressive feature. Listen Up Philip is full of horrible people, doing horrible things, unflinchingly so. All of this is elevated but the photography of Sean Price Williams, whose use of extreme close-ups gives us what is perhaps the closest we will get to a modern-day Cassavates. That is not to say it is nothing more than a replica, but rather an extension, a new take on the form. An independent masterwork.

8.    Margaret (2011, Kenneth Lonergan)
Margaret had everything going against it, lawsuits, delays and interference by Fox Searchlight. Once it was finally released however, despite attempts to sweep it under-the-carpet, Margaret emerged as a powerfully formed human drama. While watching, just like Lisa (played amazingly well by Anna Paquin), the full nature of what had proceeded emerged at the same time as her character. Rarely has one scene changed everything thats came before it, as the opera scene does in Margaret.

7.    Scott Pilgrim vs. The World (2010, Edgar Wright)
The most thoroughly enjoyable director working currently, Wright took the comic book film in completely the opposite direction of any other. The comic book movies being released every summer since the 2000s have always attempted being more ‘serious’, and ‘dark’ than the previous, thanks to the Batman series of Christopher Nolan. Scott Pilgrim vs. The World however embraces the comic book for all of its extremes, adds in computer games for extra fun, and gives cinema the best showing of children born in the late 80s/early 90s it has seen.

6.    Goodbye To Language 3D (2014, Jean-Luc Godard)
Goodbye To Language 3D literally made my eyes move in ways I didn’t know they could. I’ve never been particularly against 3D cinema, but have felt that there has never been a film that actually use 3D. Having objects jump out at you, or for it to ‘add depth’ barely constitutes using 3D. Godard however uses the camera in ways that have never been done before, overlaying images, showing us two images at one time. 3D needed someone to start laying down some form to its use, and Godard seems to have place foundations for it.

5.    The Turin Horse (2011, Béla Tarr)
Tarr signed off with in style, with a simple story of a family and their horse. What it does however is show life in a place and time that seems almost unreal in comparison to today. The Turin Horse feels cold, windy and brutal, and its repetitive nature can only make you thankful that you aren’t from that time or place. While this could (understandable) push audiences away, I found myself more and more drawn in. How did they just, carry on? Tarr has always been divisive with his work, and The Turin Horse is perhaps the most divisive of his work.

4.    12 Years A Slave (2013, Steve McQueen)
12 Years A Slave’s success is simultaneously strange and understandable. It comes out with a (relatively) happy ending, a touch of liberal guilt and some nice white characters. These are all things that would reaffirm a certain type of informal ‘quota’ that Hollywood feels the need to promote in regards to ‘non-white’ films. But it is brutal, perhaps the most brutal telling of slavery since Roots. Telling a story of a man kidnapped from within America is a story that hasn’t been looked at before, McQueen has a fascinating ability to find subjects that are common (Troubles in Ireland, addiction, slavery), but take them to new, untold places.

3.    Under The Skin (2013, Jonathan Glazer)
Completely weird, completely unique. Under The Skin is an alien film, making you feel like the alien. Alongside an incredible score by Mica Levi, Glazer makes Scotland look like another planet, where everything looks slightly off kilter and odd. Nothing makes complete sense, for both the audience and the woman played by Scarlett Johansson. Glazer’s creative risks completely pay-off, completely stripping down the book its adapted from, using non-actors, hidden cameras. Under The Skin looks like the past and future of film.

2.    Gravity (2013, Alfonso Cuaron)
The perfect example of what a big-budget Hollywood blockbuster should be. The work of Lubezki is clearly a huge factor in the film, giving it the feel of floating in space alongside the characters, spinning around, upside down and so on. But it is not just a visual ride that makes Gravity great. There are questions of death and rebirth, self-sacrifice. These are themes that are rarely dealt with in a high-end blockbuster. Its subsequent success will hopefully encourage others to take more risks with themes in Hollywood.

1.    The Tree of Life (2011,Terrence Malick)
An unquestionable masterpiece. The Tree of Life takes on everything to do with life and death. Malick shows moments in childhood that may seem insignificant at the time, but form who you are. First steps, first loves form a mosaic of a grand picture. Similarities can be drawn to Boyhood in terms of the story of aging, but whereas Boyhood is far more strict in its form, Malick shows us moments out of sync, creating film that feels more like a memory than anything. The now infamous creation sequence, to me, staples the piece together. It shows how these moments can be simultaneously significant (to those who experience it), and insignificant (when compared to the scale of the universe and its own ‘growing-up experience). We are both important, and unimportant. And sooner or later, nothing more than half-remembered moments.

Friday, 16 January 2015

Return

A hiatus longer than expected is 'hopefully' coming to an end! Real life work got in the way longer than expected!

Regular posting should resume soon!

Danny.

Monday, 2 June 2014

Jia Zhangke, A Touch of Sin, and the Use of Animals to Represent Corruption.

Jia Zhangke’s newest feature, A Touch of Sin, is a giant departure from his more neo-realist inspired films. A Touch of Sin has been compared to the work of Quentin Tarantino and Johnnie To, often using violence for symbolic meaning. However violence towards animals specifically is a reoccurring motif, bypassing that would be ignoring an important message in Zhangke’s feature.

Zhangke uses violence throughout towards animals and humans interchangeably. Violence against both is used by those who have lost hope within China’s new found wealth, and is seen as their only means to regain any sort of control. We are repeatedly shown that when people have been reduced to their weakest point, lashing out seems the only logical response. This is most clearly portrayed in the opening section of A Touch of Sin.  Dahai (Wu Jiang)is a man who has lost faith with trying to do things fairly, and instead lashes out in a rage of gunfire. Dahai however, doesn’t just shoot those who have become corrupt and have taken advantage of the locals, he also kills an average man who we are shown has relentlessly been whipping his horse. We can assume this man is whipping the horse due to this his frustration at, perhaps, his only source of income, one that has become tired, and old. He knows that if the horse gives up, he is left hopeless in a country that has developed too rapidly for him and is quickly leaving him behind. The man has been left with nothing but this last resort, to let out his frustrations with violence, even though he is surely aware this will only exacerbate the problem. He has become part of the cycle of corruption and violence through no fault of his own, with Zhangke suggesting that corruption and violence are two of the same thing. As Dahai is attempting to rid the whole area of this corruption/violence, and placing the innocent first, this man becomes a victim of Dahai’s rage.  Dahai is aware of the corruption that happens around, and with being aware of this, as well at the fact that he has lost faith in the government, accepts the fact that he must resort to killing. Dahai however ensures that he will instead use this in order to defend the innocent, both human and animal. With Dahai killing this man, a person who could be seen as a symbolic representation of a man attempting to reassert dominance over an ‘inferior’ creature, Dahai takes upon a duel role, where he becomes the symbolic revenge of those who have fallen victim of an abusive, corrupt government for both humans and animals. Dahai (a character that could be seen as Zhengke’s release of his own frustrations with the government) sees the abuse of power not only in those who take advantage of humans, but also those who take advantage of animals. By wrapping his gun with the image of a tiger, he has symbolically become a defender of both the down-trodden human and animal, and given power back to both. Both gun and tiger are, after all, seen as the most powerful weapon for mankind, and most powerful creature in the animal kingdom.

The image of whipping is repeated later on in the film, where Xiao Yu (Zhao Tao) is beaten in the same manner, this time however with wads of cash. This far more explicate use of symbolism shows Zhangke’s belief that money has become the dominate force in modern China, and this has lead to the abuse of power. By repeating the image of the beating of the horse, this time on Xiao Yu, Zhangke lays the abusive nature of the Communist Party as not being mutually exclusive to just humans or animals. Zhangke see’s the rise of importance of money, and the governments shift towards capitalism as being the key reason why rural China has seen itself left behind the urban, increasingly cosmopolitan sprawls that the cities have become. Money, for Zhangke, has become a weapon as powerful as the gun, or the tiger.

Corruption has become intertwined with violence for Zhangke, and A Touch of Sin shows how quickly this has gone out of control. By using the basis of real stories found on Weibo, Zhangke stitched together stories the breadth of the country in order to reinforce this belief, and to demonstrate the far-reaching impacts that the dramatic reforms made by the Chinese government have had on the average citizen, and to attempt to demonstrate why a rise in extremely violent crime has recently become an important talking point in Chinese social media.